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Home insulation

 

Home insulation

The development of civilization has changed the face of buildings, their construction technology and the struggle for heat continues to be acute. Increase the size of the windows, their number, the roof and the walls become thinner, furnaces and hearths were replaced by a central heating and turf, moss, felt and replaced the tow modern insulation materials. Today, the problem of keeping warm pay attention to the national and international level. There are several reasons. Namely:

  • For heating many square meters in homes that are poorly insulated, have to spend astronomical sums on fuel reserves are not infinite
  • Today becomes important anthropogenic impact on the environment. For example, the education « greenhouse effect », it is caused by emissions from the combustion of a variety of energy.

For the conservation and saving money is necessary to insulate buildings, regardless of their destination. In addition to its direct effect, modern insulation, it has a number of nice effects — a solid foundation for a variety of finishes, increasing the operating time of design and good noise and vibration isolation.

Settings heaters

Warming is a challenge and a mistake can be very costly. Wrong calculation or substandard materials Statute of the reason that the house would be uncomfortable and cold. Result — modifications that would require additional time, effort and money. For right choice of thermal insulation material, it is necessary to know the purposes for which it is acquired.

Insulation materials are classified according to several factors, of which the customer is central to the strength characteristics of the raw material,   his view, flammability and thermal conductivity. Type of raw materials — It is the material used for insulation. On this parameter insulating materials are divided into inorganic and organic.

Strength characteristics — This operational reliability and the ability to keep the form of insulation. This includes a range of indicators, including tensile, compression, separation of layers. This is important because the insulation structure is composed so exposed to various mechanical loads.

The main quality of insulation is the thermal conductivity. The material should provide the necessary heat resistance while creating a minimum thickness of the supporting structure. The lower thermal conductivity has a high thermal insulation.

From a security perspective should be considered flammability of thermal insulation. The material should not support combustion or heat release hazardous substances.   In addition to these characteristics, it is important to pay attention to water vapor permeability, density, environmentally friendly, water-resistant and hydrophobic material.

Water vapor permeability of the material is characterized by the ability to « », breathe freely flowing steam. Water trapped in the insulation, impairs its performance. Density determines the weight of the load on the structure of the building, which is   It must not be more than 185-200 kg/m3. In a cold and rainy climate of the required quality is water resistant, which helps a heater to maintain its properties.

Hydrophobicity — the ability to repel moisture, ie thermal insulation shall not absorb moisture. Since man is constantly in the areas protected with thermal insulation, its sustainability is a very important indicator.

Scope

Proper use of high-quality thermal insulation is an absolute must. Today, in the construction of modern technologies and materials that make it possible to preserve the heat efficiently. In particular, this sophisticated three-layer structure, which are made of reinforced concrete panels, bricks, with a middle layer of insulation blocks made of lightweight concrete, multilayer systems for facade insulation — Facades « wet » type and ventilated. To obtain maximum efficiency with insulation need to know a few technical features that are characteristic of the different applications of thermal insulation.

The internal wall insulation

In the constructed houses are often used internal insulation that from the point of view of heat engineering is not considered the best option. In such cases, in addition to reducing the usable area, in a residential area is inevitably formed moisture that begins to condense on the wall, under the insulation. As a result, dampen the wall, which had a negative effect on the interior furnishing and health of people living in it. To avoid this, it is recommended to use a vapor barrier. According to experts, the most optimal — facade insulation. It allows you to efficiently and reliably insulate the building, giving it a modern look. Such warming is considered the most literate. The walls compared with other structures characterized by a large area, therefore more vulnerable to the cold. During operation, the outer walls of buildings are experiencing adverse effects of precipitation, solar radiation, temperature changes and other harmful factors.

Wall insulation from the outside

Exterior insulation makes it possible to solve the problem of condensation thanks to modern vapor-permeable insulation. Condensation occurs in a layer of insulation, it evaporates from it to the environment. As a result, bearing wall stays dry, which favorably affects the design. Indoor wall with thermal insulation « coat » It is not subjected to temperature changes and is constantly heated inside. Advantages of insulating walls from the outside may occur only if the correct calculation and quality installation. Modern   facade insulation — a complex system that includes a variety of elements, their incorrect assembly reduces the effectiveness of insulation. Most often this occurs because of the incorrect use of metal fasteners. It forms a kind of « cold bridges », created between the environment and the wall. During installation of thermal insulation is necessary to pay attention to well-plate adjacent to the surface, they occupied the entire volume, and at the junction is not formed cracks. When the multi-layer insulation with each successive layer should overlap the lap joints of the previous layer.

Thermal insulation of the roof

Through the roof takes a fifth of the heat. In the particular construction of the main structural solutions considered insulation of pitched roofs. Usually in the roof structure are used not fire resistant and flammable materials, so you must use non-combustible insulation. Insulation should be free flowing water vapor was not hygroscopic. For insulation of roofs are perfect lightweight boards made of stone wool. They are installed between the rafters. Proper insulation of roofs helps convert the attic space into living, which increases the area of ​​housing. Flat roofs can not be done without the use of high-quality insulation. To her requirements are very stringent, since it is exposed to more stress, so all the elements used must be of high quality. « Roof pie » — a multi-layered complex engineering design, which includes a base of corrugated or slabs, vapor barrier, preventing from water vapor in the thermal insulation, thermal insulation and waterproofing carpet. In such cases, the insulation must have sufficient rigidity to withstand high loads, without losing its properties.

Insulation basement

Cellars in recent years increasingly used as utility rooms, workshops. Make the ground floor or basement dwelling may be subject to an optimum thickness of insulation of buildings, in contact with the ground. Negligence unfulfilled at the stage of laying the foundation of a solid outer warmth and waterproofing on the perimeter of the building, do not allow   obtain an acceptable climate.

Insulation floors

The floors are recommended to insulate also because the layer of thermal insulation is a good sound absorber. Floors are stacked in different ways, so the heater is selected in accordance with their design. Insulation for floors on joists, placed between them. It is not subjected to stress, so it is advisable to purchase a lightweight boards made of stone wool. When using screed, use stiffer materials. In most homes, the floor and ceiling are linked together. The ceiling is too warm you can — He will be an excellent sound insulator.

The need for insulation

In addition to creating comfort and coziness correct application of thermal insulation reduces economic losses. Over the past century, man has learned to withstand the harsh climate and developed a few simple rules that must be followed in order to work and live in comfort. One of the main is the acquisition of high-quality insulation. Spent on her money quickly pay off comfortably, decreasing costs and increasing the service life of structures. Effective thermal insulation helps to save fifty percent of the energy that is spent on heating. All work should be trusted only to highly qualified specialists and only buy quality materials — this is key to improving the performance and durability of construction. Only in this case the question of saving the heat will no longer be relevant.

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