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Wood as a building material

                                        
Wood as a building material             

Has long been used for the construction of the tree. It is perfect for areas with any climate. And today this traditional material is often used in the construction of the beautiful and warm homes. Its special properties allow to achieve a high level of indoor comfort.

            

Our ancestors very carefully refers to the selection and preparation of wood for the framework. Building timber harvested usually in winter or early spring, « a tree is sleeping, and excess water is left in the ground »

            

In recent years, the market suburban housing, many new materials and technologies. However, the wooden houses remain the most popular among individual developers. Much of this popularity is due to the fact that in our country, the forest is the cheapest building material. Furthermore, it is in the tree can be implemented architectural features and artistic images, dictated by national traditions of architecture. Of course, the great importance of natural origin, which determines the ecological purity of wooden buildings, good air permeability. Finally, wood – an excellent thermal insulator. This allows you to keep in the house chopped optimal ratio of temperature and humidity. In a wooden house breathe easy, pleasant and comfortable in any weather.

            

Our ancestors very carefully refers to the selection and preparation of wood for the framework. Select only the ripe, healthy wood without rotting and worm holes, approximately the same thickness, with a smooth surface. Building timber harvested usually in winter or early spring, « a tree is sleeping, and excess water is left in the ground ».

            

The wood taken out of the woods and immediately purified from the bark. It is known that wood svezherublennaya in winter has a moisture content of 30%. But suitable for the manufacture of log-dried wood (18 – 20 percent humidity). To obtain such a timber, it was kept under cover. Logs are stacked on the pad to provide cross-ventilation. Bark, sawdust and other waste burned to protect harvested logs from beetle drevoeda.

            

Today, the forest is harvested about the same, according to the rules of traditional wooden housing.

            

For the manufacture of log houses are commonly used softwood timber materials: pine, fir, larch, pine and fir. Softwood lumber is superior to strength the most common hardwood and less susceptible to rotting. The trunks of conifers are more correct form, enabling better use of their volume.

            

Pine differs most stem straightness, the minimum number knots and good technical properties. With high resistance to decay nevertheless has a tendency to « blue » (high humidity, especially in July and August). The blue of itself does not change the physical and mechanical properties wood, but spoils the appearance. Pine is the most common material for the construction of wooden houses, as we do, and in Europe.

            

Spruce rarely used in construction. In the dry wood of spruce for strength almost as pine wood. Spruce is more susceptible to decay, but significantly less than is blue. It is worse than other tree species resists moisture, so it is preferable to use for interior decoration. Spruce has a slightly looser structure, but at the expense of somewhat warmer than the pine. Although its consumer properties somewhat less suitable for the manufacture of chopped walls due to lower density and lower tar content, however, spruce wood can be recommended for the manufacture of bearing floor elements (beams, slug). The global market is trading above spruce pine. For coniferous spruce ephemeral – rarely grows more than 200 years.

            Wood as a building material             

Larch is stronger, denser and more resistant to decay than pine, but harder to handle and breaks easily. It is ideal as a wall material, is used as a material for structures (beams, valley, rafters, tightening, and so on. N.). Larch is more resistant to moisture, highly valued, 2 – 3 times more expensive than pine. Larch – single tree, not rotting in the sea water.

            

For the manufacture of wood log is used with a diameter of 26 cm to 40 cm, and sometimes higher. Choosing the diameter of the beam depends on the willingness and financial capabilities of the customer, the climatic conditions and the seasonal operation of the house; as well as the requirements for the external aesthetics of chopped home.

            

In addition to the thickness of the timber, an important indicator of the use of the aesthetic is its knotty logs. At the bottom of the pine trunk is almost no knots, so the most expensive, but better quality, is the so-called inboard Speel – 6 lower – 8 meters of the trunk.

            

The most common is a round profile logs, called logs, in addition, you can use the logs to the Protestants, that is protesannoe one edge to the inside of the timber. But it should be borne in mind that it is very time-consuming work, leading to a rise in the cost log.

            

In Scandinavia are widely used logs hewn on two edge. The walls are actually straight both outside and inside, but it does not lose the aesthetics manual cabin house.

            

The first step in preparation for the construction log logs – debarking and its outposts. Purification logs from the bark, usually performed without the use of the power tool. Redoubt, on the contrary, is made by means of electric planers. Currently, the technology is mastered debarking logs without damaging the sapwood and without further outposts. Sapwood – top, most dense layer of wood, which has a protective function. Keeping this layer allows to reduce cracking and avoid other defects timber. Most often during debarking on the beam are small areas of bast with minor damage to the wood. After drying, the cork gets dark and the beam becomes characteristic not planed timber piebald coloration. Some customers abandon outposts logs for this characteristic color and to avoid damage to the fiber structure of the tree. However, it should be remembered that the cork is most susceptible to rotting, so in most cases the log ostrugivayut.

            

In order to protect wood from rotting the entire surface of the logs processed by a thin layer of antiseptic. And the ends of the logs, cups, groove, cuts, Grooves and place proteski soaked most carefully, as there are broken fiber structure of the wood. With antiseptic logs can give a color cast by the customer.

            
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