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Excavators - use at a construction site

This type of construction machinery performs digging and moving soil through the mechanism of the bucket or continuous (or bucket chain). Based on this requirement, excavators are divided:

on shovels batch;

excavators continuous action.

The main parts of the building are excavators chassis (wheeled or tracked), the turntable with the power plant and change of working equipment.

In order to correctly assess the operational capabilities of the machine, it is necessary to know well their indexing. The first letter will always denote the classification, such as EO – Shovels. The following are the three main figures of the index:

size group Excavators (bucket capacity);

The running device;

design working suspension.

There is also a fourth digit in the index, which indicates the serial number of the excavator model.

Then again, should alphabetic indexing: the first of the additional letters (A, B, C, etc.) means the sequence of the modernization of the machine, follow – Climatic modification type (C or CL – northern, T – tropical, TV – to work on the humid tropics).

For example, the index of the EO-5123HL can be deciphered as follows: Shovels, Universal, 5th dimensional group, crawler undercarriage with a rigid suspension of work equipment, the third model in the northern climate.
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For each size group is usually indicated several bucket capacity – basic and removable high-capacity, and for the latter provides less linear parameters and weaker soils than when working with the main bucket. The main one is the bucket that excavator is able to develop a ground category 4.

The capacity of the main excavator bucket is: 2 nd dimensional group – 0,25-0,28 cubic meters, 3rd – 0.40-0.65 cubic meters, 4th – 0,65-1 cubic meters, 5th – 1.0-1.6 cubic meters, 6th – 1.6-2.5 cubic meters, 7 – 2.5-4 cubic meter.

In recent years, more and more applications get compact mini – and mikroekskavatory. They can dig ditches, trenches, perform work in confined spaces. In a cottage and chalet building, they are indispensable.

The division-type undercarriage

Type the navigation device is indicated in figures 1 to 9:

1 – caterpillar (D);

2 – tracked broadening (PG);

3 – pneumowheel (P);

4 – a special type of car chassis (NL);

5 – truck chassis (A);

6 – series tractor chassis (Tr);

7 – Running tow hitch (Pr);

8, 9 – reserve.

Description Working suspension designs.
Design work equipment indicated in figures 1 – with flexible suspension (rope pulley blocks); 2 – stiff suspension (cylinders); 3 – telescopic.

The flexible suspension of work equipment is divided into:

with equipment shovel;

with backhoe equipment.

 

The choice of a particular modification is dictated by the nature of the excavator works, their characteristics and the correct definition of the necessary in each case the car means a lot.

The stiff suspension of work equipment gives the possibility to equip the excavator hydraulic hammer that hung in place of the bucket. Himself hammer is driven by a hydraulic dredge pumps, which ensures optimal use of capacity and reduce costs.

Excavators with rope pulley can be equipped with suspension dragline crane equipment grab.

Terms of use of various working equipment.
Excavators equipment shovel and unloading into vehicles or blades are useful for digging pits mainly in hard, stony and rocks and soils as well as soil-resistant medium strength.

The equipment used backhoe for digging narrow trenches (width 0,7- 1,5 m and a depth of 8 m ), especially with vertical walls for the installation of sewerage networks, installation of foundations in hard and stony soils, as well as the construction of small pits.

Tools and machinery dragline excavators consists of the boom and bucket suspended from the boom by means of lifting and pulling rope. Dragline excavation produces, as a rule, below the level of installation of the excavator; Buckets are used various capacities – in preliminary loosened rocky breeds allowed to work in the capacity of a dragline bucket over 10 m3 . The cycle time is typically 10-20% higher than when working with equipment excavator shovel. With equipment dragline operates up to 40% shovels.

grab.

Grab – lifting devices excavators, cranes, forklifts and monorail trolleys, equipped with rotary jaws for gripping the load. Grapples are used for handling and transporting over short distances of bulk cargo, timber and others. The most common grabs for bulk cargo capacity of 0.8-1.5 cubic meters Grapple for timber (logs, sheets, wood, etc.) on the device is similar grabs for bulk cargo, but has a special jaw design – Each consists of two claws, bent down and connected beam. The application allows you to fully automate grabs transactions capture and release of various cargoes.

The difference from one bucket trencher.
The main purpose of trenchers – excavation during construction of underground utilities. Their productivity is higher than single bucket.

Indexing trench similar to the one bucket, but has its own characteristics. For example, the index of ETC-252A means: trench chain excavator, digging depth of 25 dm, the second model – 2, held the first upgrade – A. That is, the numbers in this case, and already reflect the specific characteristics of the machine.

Can I use a shovel for loading and unloading?
If required. But it is better to use a forklift. However, there are machines equipped with equipment for excavating and loading. Of course, loading shovel has a large capacity. For example, a backhoe loader PK-301 production of « Murommashzavod » equipped with the bucket volume of 0,48 m3 and loading – 1.5 cubic meters By the way, it has a good performance: maximum digging depth – 420 cm , the maximum lifting height of the excavator bucket – 520 cm , the maximum height of loading into the vehicle – 352,5 cm .

By purchasing one car instead of two, the consumer receives the cost savings in buying, also reduces the cost of maintenance and repair. Particular attention is paid to creating safe and comfortable working conditions of the driver: the force on levers and pedals well below regulatory, steering with variable angle, good visibility. Comfortable cabin has good insulation, fitted with an adjustable seat, resiliency mounted rotated by 360 degrees.

With the escape wheeled device, the PC-301 is free to move by road.

 

Mini excavators

A very small dimensions, low pressure on the supporting surface at high and maneuverability allow the use of these mini-machines inside subway stations, in basements and floors of high-rise residential and office buildings, in the holds of ships at sea and river ports. The advantage of a mini-excavator is the rapid implementation of small volumes of works on objects, distant from each other, with the ability to transport them in the back of trucks, as well as the installation and operation of a very small construction sites.

With their help tear drainage ditches (cell) along the country roads, wells for racks fences, pylons, trenches various cross-sections for the installation of networks, small trenches and excavations for foundations of building foundations and structures, carried out the construction of sewage treatment plants, swimming pools, landscaping gardens, parks, gardens, sports fields perform the construction.

Some models of mini excavators are able to quickly and efficiently carry out the following work: in a complete set with a jackhammer used for the destruction of old buildings and structures; in complete with the usual bucket or bicuspid – for multidisciplinary excavation and loading operations; in the configuration with a controlled rotating bucket – to work in the garden, land reclamation and tree-planting work.

There are models of mini excavators, which are equipped with additional attachments: bucket, bucket planning, moving the bucket, clamshell bucket, auger.

Key Features of mini-excavators.
In Europe, mini-excavators are classified by the bucket capacity and weight machines. In the UK, compact excavators are divided into three categories: micro, mini and supermini itself. Mass of standard mini-excavators of 1-5 tons. By the supermini category include excavators weighing 6-10 tonnes. At the same time in the UK mini excavators are divided into 3 main groups: weighing up to 2 tons, from 2 to 3.5 tonnes and over 3.5 m. In Japan, mini-excavators are classified by the bucket capacity.

All the company paid special attention to the relocation of mini-excavators. So, on the relocation of standard or special low-bed trailers, does not cause difficulties. There is also a moving experience of mini-excavators in machines with movable bodies, and on container, which mini excavator using its self-loading boom and just unloaded.

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